Petr*Stolypin

== == = =

//Prime Minister of Russia (//1906-1911)
//By Ginny, Christine L., Hetal// http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Pyotr_Stolypin_LOC_07327.jpg 
 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Pyotr_Stolypin_LOC_07327.jpg width="245" height="340"]] || [[image:StolyIntroF.png]] ||
 * = = || =Life in Pictures= ||
 * =Table of Contents=

=A. Timeline= =B. Accomplishments= =1. As a Governor= =2. As a Prime Minister= =3. His Reforms= =4. His Growing Unpopularity= =C. Social/Political/Economic Background= =D. PowerPoint & Movie Clip= =E. Works Cited= || media type="custom" key="557369" //His Prominent Years in Pictures// || Marshall:[| http://www.stolypin.ru/galery_01.jpg] 14-year-old: http://www.hrono.info/img/foto/1876stlp.jpg With Wife: http://www.hrono.info/img/lica/stolyp_sem.jpg Grodno1: http://www.stolypin.ru/galery_03.jpg Grodno2: http://www.hrono.info/img/foto/1902stlp.jpg Saratov1: http://www.stolypin.ru/galery_03.jpg Saratov2: http://www.hrono.info/img/foto/1905stlp.jpg Prime Minister: http://www.stolypin.ru/galery_06.jpg Duma: http://www.stolypin.ru/galery_07.jpg Chairman: http://www.stolypin.ru/galery_08.jpg Garden1: http://www.stolypin.ru/galery_19.jpg Garden2: http://www.stolypin.ru/galery_18.jpg Office: http://www.stolypin.ru/galery_10.jpg St. Petersburg: http://www.stolypin.ru/galery_14.jpg State Council: http://www.stolypin.ru/galery_13.jpg Kiev: http://www.hrono.info/img/lica/1911stolyp.jpg Farming Fields: [|http://www.hrono.info/statii/2007/orogody.jpg] Cartoon: http://www.hrono.info/img/lica/stolyp_sharz.jpg  =Timeline=

media type="custom" key="557573"

Top  =Accomplishments=

Petr Stolypin is best known for his agrarian reforms in Russia in at attempt to crush peasant rebellions and to better the economic situations for the peasants in the early 1900s. He was one of the few statesmen in Russia that had clear-sighted ideas of reform, unmarred by revolutionary fervor. He aimed to “modernize Russia’s political and socioeconomic structures [in order] to bring Russia into the new century” as a major power in Europe, (Lauber, ProQuest). To historians, Stolypin was the most competent and strongest advisor to Czar Nicholas II. 

As a Governor
As the governor of the province of Grodno and then the city of Saratov on the Volga River in Russia, Stolypin harshly suppressed peasant revolts during the Revolution of 1905. In addition to the courage and the indomitability he showed to quell the chaotic peasant upheavals, he held conservative beliefs and monarchist views, which earned him great favor in the eyes of Czar Nicholas II. Stolypin was soon appointed as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or the prime minister, of Russia in 1906. (Biography Reference Center) 

As a Prime Minister
The newly appointed prime minister “attempted to provide a balance between the introduction of much needed social reforms, such as land reforms, and the suppression of the radicals,” (Acemoglu & Robinson 142). Even though he was a strongly conservative politician, Stolypin recognized the need for change in his economically and politically backward country and was willing to work harmoniously with the Duma, the legislative assembly, for plans of reform. He was determined to create a fairly wealthy and stable class of peasants in order to subdue the growing popularity of revolutionary sentiment. (ProQuest)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Stolypin_by_Repin.jpg 

His Reforms
Stolypin enacted a series of reforms to repress social upheavals which were met with harsh criticisms from the government as well as the people. First, he used an antiterrorist campaign to execute thousands of political dissidents and radicals who wanted revolutionary change in Russia. This controversial campaign came to be known as “Stolypin’s necktie.” Second, he dissolved the Duma because of its reluctance to cooperate with him in the reform programs. Instead, he executed his own decrees that would grant a chance for the peasants to obtain private land ownership by relieving them of their lifelong mortgages. Stolypin also attempted to extend the system of zemstvos, or local councils, throughout Russia in order to give “a greater voice in electing their local government representatives” and to “increase their judicial participation,” (ABC-CLIO). 

His Growing Unpopularity
Stolypin utilized progressively overambitious means to amend the political and economic structures of Russia. Lenin, the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic leader, believed he was an obstruction to the socialist revolution. Many German leaders thought his reforms to improve Russia would threaten Germany’s dominating position in Europe. His position became increasingly precarious and even came in conflict with the Czar himself. His attempts at reform were unsuccessful, and he was eventually assassinated by left-wing revolutionaries. The same issues that Stolypin struggled with appeared throughout the twentieth century in Russia and have resurfaced since the fall of the Soviet Union. (Biography Reference Bank)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Stolypin_grave.jpg

Top  =Social, Political, Economic Background=
 * **Social** || **Political** || **Economic** ||
 * 1. There was a large gap between the boyars [Russian nobility] and the peasants; the few boyars had most of the nation's wealth while the peasantry masses shared little to no wealth. (Biography Reference Bank) || 1. He was the Prime Minister of Russia. (Biography Resource Center) || 1. He helped the poor conditions of the peasants. (Biography Resource Center) ||
 * 2. Much social discontent soared as there were shortages of food and fuel during WWI. (EBSCOhost) || 2. Stolypin dissolved the first and second Duma because of its reluctance to cooperate with him on land reforms. (ABC-CLIO) || 2. Russia had a backward economy, compared to the industrialization of the major European countries. (ProQuest) ||
 * 3. He repressed revolutionaries during the Revolution of 1905. (EBSCOhost) || 3. Czar Nicholas II was in rule of Russia during his term as prime minister. (World Book) || 3. Russia's economy was stifled when it became involved in WWI.(World Book) ||
 * 4. Russia's autocratic government caused many social upheavals among the masses. (EBSCOhost) || 4. Reforms were a way to gain political dominance over the dangerous socialist revolutionaries. (ABC-CLIO) || 4. Stolypin conversed with foreigners frequently to gain support through financial institutions. (Ascher 128) ||
 * 5. He understood the hurt felt by Jews from Russification and the harsh treatment of Russian authorities, but the government claimed it had to keep an eye on "political and state needs" (Ascher 170). || 5. WWI brought out the weakness and inability of the Czarists. (World Book) || 5. Bloody Sunday, in which industrial workers stopped working and rebelled, paralyzed the economy. (Ascher 235) ||
 * 6. Peasants lacked the wholly civic spirit, didn't respect the law, and had no sense of civic obligation (Ascher 156) || 6. Pressure from the Czar, right-wing extremists, and his own conviction caused Stolypin to place more weight on repression than on reform. (Ascher 151) ||  ||

Top  =PowerPoint & Movie Clip=


 * media type="custom" key="556403" || //A PowerPoint on crucial parts of Stolypin's life and accomplishments.// //This slide show consists of various aspects of Stolypin's term as Prime Minister, such as his early years, agrarian reforms, his growing unpopularity, and his overall success.// ||
 * media type="google" key="-8570561385764824375&hl=en" width="400" height="326" || //This// //35-minute documentary titled "The Children of Leningradsky" reveals the continuing devastating conditions of the poor in post-Soviet Russia. If Stolypin's reforms had been entirely successful and had they not been shot down by revolutionaries, Russia might have been able to avoid these calamitous situations and widespread poverty.

"Nominated for the 2004 Academy Award// ®  //for Best Documentary, Short Subject, this documentary takes an intimate and heartbreaking look at a group of homeless children living in and around Moscow train station. Polish filmmakers Hanna Polak and Andrzej Celinski captured numerous intimate and heartbreaking scenes in this raw, verité documentary, which combines footage of the children and Moscow authorities with alarming statics about homelessness and its devastating effects in post-Soviet Russia,"// ([|http://www.childrenofleningradsky.com/]). ||

Top  =Works Cited=

Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson. __Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy__. Cambridge UP, 2005. 13 Feb. 2008 <[|http://books.google.com/books?id=gzdbfu55IGgC>.]

Ascher, Abraham. __P.A. Stolypin: The Search for Stability in Late Imperial Russia__. Stanford, California: Stanford UP, 2001.

“The First Russian Duma Convenes.” __Great Events, 1900-1916__. Vol. 1. 37. __History Reference Center__. EBSCO. Upper Merion Area High School Lib., King of Prussia, PA. 12 Feb. 2008 <[|http://search.ebscohost.com/>.]

Lauber, Jack M. “P.A. Stolypin: The Search for Stability in Late Imperial Russia.” __ProQuest Newspapers__. ProQuest. Upper Merion Area High School Lib., King of Prussia, PA. 12 Feb. 2008 <[|http://proquest.umi.com/login>.]

“Petr Stolypin.” __ABC-CLIO__. 2008. __World History: The Modern Era__. Upper Merion Area High School Lib., King of Prussia, PA. 12 Feb. 2008 <[|http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com/>.]

“Piotr Arkadevich Stolypin.” __Encyclopedia of World Biography__. 2nd ed. 17 vols. 1998. __Biography Resource Center__. Gale. Upper Merion Area School Lib., King of Prussia, PA. 12 Feb. 2008 <[|http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/?db=BioRC>.]

"Russian Revolution of 1917." __World Book Online Reference Center__. Upper Merion Area High School Lib., King of Prussia, PA. 19 Feb. 2008 <[|http://www.worldbookonline.com/>.]

“Stolypin, Petr Arkad’evich.” __A Dictionary of Contemporary World History__. N.p.: Oxford Univesity Press, 2003. __Biography Reference Bank__. H.W. Wilson. Upper Merion Area High School Lib., King of Prussia, PA. 12 Feb. 2008 <[|http://hwwilsonweb.com/>.]

“Stolypin, Petr Arkad’evich.” __A Dictionary of Political Biography__. N.p.: Oxfofd University Press, 1998. __Biography Reference Bank__. H.W. Wilson. Upper Merion Area School Lib., King of Prussia, PA. 12 Feb. 2008 <[|http://hwwilsonweb.com/>.]

Top