William_Shakespeare

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by Amanda G & Erin V


media type="custom" key="3121922"

 __Sources:__ Brooke, Tucker, 1883-1946. __Shakespeare of Stratford; : a handbook for students.__ Yale University Press, c1926. Halliday, F. E. (Frank Ernest), 1903-. __Shakespeare : a pictorial biography.__ London : Thames and Hudson, 1959, c1956. An illustrated biography of the renowned playwright and poet with a discussion of his plays. 

Shakespeare's Accomplishments 


In 22 years, from 1590 to 1612, Shakespeare wrote 37 plays that consisted of comedies, histories, and tragedies.
His comedies were: The Tempest, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Merry Wives of Windsor, Measure for Measure, The Comedy of Errors, Much Ado About Nothing, Love’s Labour’s Lost, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, The Taming of The Shrew, All’s Well That Ends Well, Twelfth Night, Pericles Prince of Tyre, and The Winter’s Tale. His histories were: King John, King Richard II, 1 King Henry IV, 2 King Henry IV, King Henry V, 1 King Henry VI, 2 King Henry VI, 3 King Henry VI, King Richard III, and King Henry VIII. His tragedies were: Coriolanus, Titus Andronicus, Romeo and Juliet, Timon of Athens, Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Antony and Cleopatra, Cymbeline, and Troilus and Cressida. 

Shakespeare is well known for his extensive and inventive vocabulary. He added about 2,000 words to the English language, like downstairs and buzzer. Efron and Thisted, in their article "//Estimating the number of unseen species: How many words did Shakespeare know?"//, said "Shakespeare wrote 31534 different words, of which 14376 appear only once, 4343 twice, etc...We conclude that the models are equivalent to supposing that Shakespeare knew at least 35000 more words.” 


Shakespeare is also famous for his poems. He wrote three long narratives: Venus and Adonis, The Rape of Lucrece, and A Lover's Complaint. He also wrote over 150 sonnets and several other poems. Some of his most popular sonnets were Sonnet 116, which is to this day, often quoted at weddings, or Sonnet 18 which is often used in literary books or by lovers.


 "Shakespeare's Accomplishments ." __The Unadulterated Encyclopedia of WIlliam__ __Shakespeare's Life and Works__. Yahoo. 17 Feb. 2009 <[|http://www.shakespeare.150m.com/member.htm#Shakespeare%27s%20Accomplishments]>. Thisted, Ronald and Bradley, Efron. "Estimating the number of unseen species: How many words did Shakespeare know?" __Biometrika__. 2008. Oxford Journals. 17 Feb. 2009 <[|http://biomet.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/63/3/435]>.

<span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Social, Political, and Economic Background || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Political || <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Economic || || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1. Queen Elizabeth I's humanistic ideas and policies influenced Shakespeare's outlook on life and the way he expressed it in his plays (Halliday 43). || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1. The rapid economic growth during Shakespeare's time paved the way for his success because there were more bourgeois people in major cities to enjoy it (Reese 315). || || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2. During Shakespeare's time, there was a lot of conflicting ideas about past political leaders. The monarchs Shakespeare associated with wanted him to portray the leaders as they viewed them (Halliday 51). || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2. When the economy improved, as the popularity of Shakespeare's works grew, it allowed him to gain wealth and live better in the late 1590s (Brooke 31). || || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3. In 1603 Queen Elizabeth I died and King James of Scotland took the throne. James was also open to the ideas of the Renaissance and supported the Arts (Halliday 89). || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3. Educated men were no longer guaranteed a job as clergymen, so they had to travel to cities, such as London, to try and find a job which improved the economy (Reese 98). || || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4. The general population was not fond of King James I because of his belief in divine right monarchy and because he was not of English descent (Halliday 91). || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4. From 1600 to the 1620s, the English economy experienced a sharp downfall. Agricultural areas experienced a depression, putting more pressure on people to move to cities (Reese 111). || || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5. During the latter part of his rule, King James I quarreled with Parliament, alienated the Puritans, and gave Scotsmen lavishing offices and titles (Reese 109). || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5. When England descended into the Seventeenth century, money, rather than goods, became the new measure of wealth and currency (Reese 111). || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Sources:__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Brooke, Tucker, 1883-1946. __Shakespeare of Stratford; : a handbook for students.__ Yale University Press, c1926. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 96%;">Halliday, F. E. (Frank Ernest), 1903-. __Shakespeare : a pictorial biography.__ London : Thames and Hudson, 1959, c1956. An illustrated biography of the renowned playwright and poet with a discussion of his plays.<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"> Reese, M. M. (Max Meredith), 1910-. __Shakespeare, : his world & his work.__ London, : Arnold, [1953]. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> Introduction media type="file" key="William Shakespeare 2.mov" Educational Clip media type="custom" key="3216482" Conclusion media type="file" key="WS Ending.mov" __Phrases Used__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> __Source:__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> "Words and Phrases Coined by Shakespeare." __The Pathology Guy__. 23 Feb. 2009 <http://www.pathguy.com/shakeswo.htm> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Quiz:__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> [|Shakespeare Quiz] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Works Cited:__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Brooke, Tucker, 1883-1946. __Shakespeare of Stratford; : a handbook for students.__ Yale University Press, c1926. Halliday, F. E. (Frank Ernest), 1903-. __Shakespeare : a pictorial biography.__ London : Thames and Hudson, 1959, c1956. An illustrated biography of the renowned playwright and poet with a discussion of his plays.<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 96%;">Reese, M. M. (Max Meredith), 1910-. __Shakespeare, : his world & his work.__ London, : Arnold, [1953]. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"> "Shakespeare's Accomplishments ." __The Unadulterated Encyclopedia of WIlliam__ __Shakespeare's Life and Works__. Yahoo. 17 Feb. 2009 <[|http://www.shakespeare.150m.com/member.htm#Shakespeare%27s%20Accomplishments]>. Thisted, Ronald, and Bradley Efron. "Estimating the number of unseen species: How many words did Shakespeare know?" __Biometrika__. 2008. Oxford Journals. 17 Feb. 2009 <[|http://biomet.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/63/3/435]>. Words and Phrases Coined by Shakespeare." __The Pathology Guy__. 23 Feb. 2009 <http://www.pathguy.com/shakeswo.htm>
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Social
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1. The social reforms of the Italian Renaissance and humanism provided a society that was more willing to appreciate Shakespeare's work and encouraged it (Reese 54).
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2. The English defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588, causing a swell in nationalism that made the people want to know more about their history, and brought popularity to Shakespeare's historical plays (Halliday 46).
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3. In A Pictorial Biography, Halliday says "Acting was officially recognized as a legitimate profession..." (Halliday 28). This quote is describing the 1570s, the time just before Shakespeare's maturation.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4. During the Elizabethan Era, the people's main forms of entertainment were blood sports, drinking, and (for the wealthier citizens) the arts (Reese 103).
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5. During the early 1600s, the court became more unruly, and the regulations against horseplay, drunkenness, and corruption were not as heavily enforced (Reese 110).
 * All that glitters is not gold
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Kill with kindness
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Knock knock! <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Who's there?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Laughing stock
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Melted into thin air
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Not slept one wink
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Own flesh and blood
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Wild-goose chase
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">A plague on both your houses
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Full circle
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">In a pickle
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">There's no such thing
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Dead as a doornail
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">For goodness' sake
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Refuse to budge an inch
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Wear my heart upon my sleeve
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Forever and a day
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Infinite space
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Spotless reputation
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Heart of gold
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Love is blind
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Naked truth
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">In my mind's eye
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">A dish fit for the gods
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Seen better days
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Too much of a good thing
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">What's done is done
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">What the dickens
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Send packing
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Lie low
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Knit brow
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Good riddance

__Picture Links__ > An illustrated biography of the renowned playwright and poet with a discussion of his plays.<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
 * 1) [|Pictures 1 & 2]
 * 2) <span style="color: rgb(85, 26, 139);">(On Timeline) Pictures 3-8 - Halliday, F. E. (Frank Ernest), 1903-. __Shakespeare : a pictorial biography.__ London : Thames and Hudson, 1959, c1956.