Friedrich_Engels

 =Courtenay W. and Tracey K. =



“People think they have taken quite an extraordinarily bold step forward when they have rid themselves of belief in hereditary monarchy and swear by the democratic republic. In reality, however, the state is nothing but a machine for the oppression of one class by another, and indeed in the democratic republic no less than in the monarchy.”  

** Significant Events Timeline ** 1. November 28, 1820- Born in Barmen, Prussia ====2. 1842- Traveled to Manchester, England, where he worked in a spinning factory and observed capitalism's distressing effects on workers first hand ==== ====3. 1844- Published his first important work, //The Condition of the Working Class in England, // based on his observations in Manchester ====

4. 1844- Met Karl Marx, whom he decided to collaborate with in writing

====6. 1848- Published the //Communist Manifesto, //<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> which he wrote in collaboration with Marx ==== ====<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">7. 1864-1872- Took over majority of Marx's (now in declining health) political work among the First International, making increasing correspondence with the newly founded German Social Democratic Party ====

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> book which, together with Marx's // Das Kapital, // ranked as the most comprehensive study of Marxist theory
====<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> 11. 1882- Published // Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science // (later published in English in 1892), arguably his most concise exposition of Marxism ==== ====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 99%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">12. 1884- Published //<span style="font-size: 99%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The Origins of the Family, Private Property and the State, //<span style="font-size: 99%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> which was imperative for thorough understanding of Marxist political theory ====

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 99%;">14. August 5, 1895- Died in London, England.
====<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> 15. 1896- // Germany: Revolution and Counter-Revolution // published in German (later published in English in 1933) posthumously ====

**<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Co-Founder of Modern Socialism with Karl Marx **
====<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx are known as the founders of modern socialism. The concept of modern socialism begins with the establishment of a workers' dictatorship. The workers' dictatorship could be achieved through class struggle and an eventual revolution of the proletariat that would overpower the bourgeoisie. Eventually there would be no need for leaders at all, and people would be guided by their conscience and not their materialistic desires (Carson and Bonk). ====

**<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Contribution in the Expansion of Marxism **
==== <span style="font-size: 99%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Friedrich Engels' work was imperative in the spread of the understanding of Marxist socialism. Contributing in the construction and interpretation of Marxian economic theory, Engel's //<span style="font-size: 99%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Herr Eugen Dühring's Revolution in Science, //<span style="font-size: 99%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">together with Marx's Das Kapital, is presently known as the most comprehensive study of Marxian policy. In addition, his 1884 //<span style="font-size: 99%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The Origins of the Family, Private Property and the State //<span style="font-size: 99%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">, was positively indispensable for the understanding of Marxist political theory. Esteemed as one of the greatest thinkers of his time, Engel's work essentially "elaborated and developed, both historically and logically, basic ideas that go under the name of Marxism" ("Friedrich Engels"). ====

==== <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">**Co-Founder of the Communist League (1847)** <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 99%;"> ==== ====<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Engels and Marx were co-founders of the Communist League, formed in 1847. It came as a result of the combination of the League of the Just and the Communist Correspondence Committee. Its goal was to encourage a Communist revolution throughout Europe. In 1850, several of the League's members were captured and the Communist League was never able to start any major revolutions ("Engels, Friedrich 1820-1895"). ====

==== <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 99%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">**Influence of the Communist Manifesto** ==== ====<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">"A spectre is haunting Europe—the spectre of Communism" (Marx Publishes the Communist Manifesto.) Such are the powerful, opening lines of the preamble of Marx and Engel's 1848 Communist Manifesto. An essential document in the shaping of Marxist socialism, modern scholars also argue that the Communist Maniefesto was imperative for its part in the personal transition within Marx from his early enthusiasms to his more mature thought. However, being written on the eve of the greatest revolutionary upheaval of nineteenth century Europe, co-writer Engel's work was ultimately critical in reflecting the thoughts of a radical, rebellious age. So radical were Marx and Engel's extravagant expectations of power, that the pair concluded the document, in the fourth and final section, by calling for Communist unity, flexibility and effective action. In their minds, since a proletariat victory throughout Europe was undeniably inevitable, Communists everywhere needed to unify so as to "encourage revolution against the existing social order" ("Marx Publishes..."). ====

<span style="color: rgb(85, 26, 139);"> =**<span style="font-size: 64%; text-align: center; display: block; color: rgb(117, 117, 117);">- **<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Social, Economic, and Political Background  <span style="text-align: center; display: block; font-size: 87.12%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">(Hammen). = =** <span style="text-align: center; display: block; color: rgb(117, 117, 117);">- <span style="text-align: center; display: block; font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> **<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; text-align: center; display: block;">Marx and Engels: The Beginning <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; text-align: center; display: block;"> = = media type="custom" key="3217106" = =<span style="text-align: center; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 90%;">(Selsam, Goldway, Martel). = = = = = = = =<span style="font-size: 64%; text-align: center; display: block; color: rgb(117, 117, 117);">- = =**<span style="display: block; font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; text-align: center;">Quizlet.com Quiz **= =<span style="font-size: 84%; color: rgb(117, 117, 117); text-align: center; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> [|Friedrich Engels Quiz] =

====<span style="display: block; color: rgb(94, 94, 94); text-align: center;"> <span style="color: rgb(125, 125, 125);"> <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">**Works Cited** ====

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<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"__Engels, Friedrich (1820-1895)."__ Discovering Biography. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center - Gold. Gale. Upper Merion Area High School. 8 Feb. 2009 <__[|http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do]__ ====== <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 79.2%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__"Friedrich Engels.__" <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 105.415%;"> World History: The Modern Era. 2009. ABC-CLIO. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 105.415%;"> 8 Feb. 2009 < <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 80%;">__ http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com __ <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 88.5487%;">>. <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Hammen, Oscar J. __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">The Red '48ers: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1969.

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<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">__"Marx Publishes the Communist Manifesto, February, 1848.__" <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 104.544%;"> Discovering World History. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Student Resource <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 104.544%;">Center - Gold. <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 87.12%;"> Gale. Upper Merion Area High School. 11 Feb. 2009 <http://find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPS <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">>. ======

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<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Reproduced in //<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Biography Resource Center. //<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2009. <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 121%;">[|http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC]  ======

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<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Selsam, Howard, David Goldway, and Harry Martel. __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Dynamics of Social Change __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">. 1st ed. New York: International, 1970. <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="font-size: 117.612%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__"Socialism."__ //<span style="font-size: 117.612%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Gale Encyclop<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">edia of U.S. Economic History //<span style="font-size: 117.612%; font-family: Georgia,serif;">. Ed. Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk. <span style="font-size: 117.612%; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Detroit: <span style="font-size: 117.612%; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Gale Group,  <span style="font-size: 117.612%; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1999. //<span style="font-size: 117.612%; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Student Resource Center - Gold //<span style="font-size: 117.612%; font-family: Georgia,serif;">. Gale. Upper Merion Area High School. 11 Feb. 2009 <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 90%; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-size: 130.68%; font-family: Georgia,serif;"> < <span style="font-size: 145.2%; font-family: Georgia,serif;">[|http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do.] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 108.9%;">  <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 130%;">**Pictures** <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 90%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">1. Evil Wordle: Marx and Engel's Communist Manifesto. Digital Image. Flickr. 17 Sep. 2008. Yahoo. 11 Feb. 2009 < http://www.flickr.com/photos/purpleslog/2866880934/>. <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">2. Herraiz, Alvaro. Friedrich Engels. Digital Image. Flickr. 20 Nov. 2007. Yahoo. 6 Feb. 2009 <http://www.flickr.com/photos/alvaroherraiz/2051562624/>. <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">3. Home of Friedrich Engels. Digital Image. Flickr. 30 Oct. 2008. Yahoo. 6 Feb. 2009 <http://www.flickr.com/photos/afternoon/1986956417/>. <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">4. Telez, Jose. Marx i Engels II. Digital Image. Flickr. 14 Mar. 2008. Yahoo. 6 Feb. 2009 <http://www.flickr.com/photos/planeta_roig/2332124219/>. <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> 5. Xiaming. Hammer and Sickle. Digital Image. Flickr. 20 Feb. 2006. Yahoo. 6 Feb. 2009 <http://www.flickr.com/photos/xiaming/94775567/>.