Vladimir_Lenin

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__Timeline Bibliography:__ Possony, Stefan T. __Lenin: The Compulsive Revolutionary__. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, 1964.



ISKRA

In 1899 Lenin decided to found a newspaper to be used to combat divergent views and build an organization for the revolution. Lenin wanted the paper to "unite the Marxist groups into a central power and to be a forum for political debate and instruction for the movement" (Possony 50). Lenin gained the approval from Potresov and Martov to join forces and raised money for the paper. In September they settled down in Munich to begin work on the paper. The new editorial secretary was I. G. Smidovich, a well connected Russian revolutionary and Parvus was their own German publicist and amazingly brilliant Marxist writer. They were able to gain 4,000 rubles a year through Maxim Gorky. Then Lenin went to Leipzig, Germany in November to seek out a printing press for his paper. Over 8,000 copies were printed with the title, Iskra or “Spark” on Christmas Eve. In it Lenin "called for political consciousness, socialist ideas and political leaders capable of leading a revolutionary movement" (Possony 53). They continued printing with great success through 1902 and even created Zyra or the “Dawn” until they began losing readers to the rival papers Rabochaya Mysl and Rabochoye Delo.

REVOLUTIONS OF 1917 Throughout the first half of 1917 Vladimir Lenin spent most of his time playing in the politics of the soviet. Then on November 6th 1917 Lenin posed the quesstion to the established leadership of the bolsheviks whether they would go through with the revolution. In his own words, "the matter must absolutely be decided this evening or tonight."(Possony 249) then on November 7th Lenin prematurly announced the change in government and claimed power for the soviets. "here is the cause for which the people fought: imediate peace offer on democratic princples; abolition of land ownership by land ownership by landowners; workers control of prdocution and creation of a soviet government." (Possony 251-251) Lenin only took power in the name of the Soviet because people liked it better then the bolsheviks. The revolutionarys then took control of the captiol and the tsars winter palace. The Russian millitary could have stoped the revolt but general Cheremisov had been corrupted. "He wanted to be Commander in cheif under lenin but he found he had betrayed in vain because lenin did not want him." (Possony 253) The vicotry of the 1917 revolutions was complete with the calling of the second all russia Soviet on November 7th 10:45 pm. Due to Lenins risky plan of securing the government from the tsar he was able to fullfill his greatest accmplishment. He succesfully overthrew the Russian government and took power for the first communist government in the world.

THE DESTRUCTION OF DEMOCRACY General elections were held for the constituent assembly after Lenin seized power. The Bolsheviks assumed that they would have a majority of the vote, and they were democratic. However, "only 24 percent of the votes were definitely in their favor, and another 5 percent endorsed the left Social Revolutionaries who sympathized with the Bolsheviks." (Possony 259) Eighty-six percent of the votes were for the socialist parties in the election. the majority of socialist votes was an opportunity for Lenin to form a coalition government for Russia. Lenin, however, did not want to share power with his enemies and he did not want his ideas to fail. During the constituent assembly's meeting on January 18, 1918, Lenin tried to make it illegal to oppose his soviet regime. Lenin also asked the All-Russian soviet to 'proclaim soviet as the revolutionary power. This was his contribution to "constributionalism"'. (Possony 262)

Marxist thinker, who astounded the Bolsheviks with his //April Theses.// Lenin called for the overthrow of the Provisional Government and the expropriation of factories by workers and of land belonging to the church, the nobility, and the gentry by peasants. Lenin quickly won the other Bolshevik leaders to his position, and the radicalized orientation of the Bolshevik faction attracted new members (__Russia the Period of Dual Power__). || 1. Vladimir Lenin was from atleast 1905 until his death a stauch beliver in marxism. He felt that russia should be lead under communist principles and that it should be lead under him (__BBC historic figures__). || 1. In February 1917 crowds of striking workers demanded food and the soldiers refused to obey an order to open fire at the crowd, this order and the widespread food shortages led to end the rule of Czar Nicholas II. (__History Reference Center)__ || the time of communisms rise in Russia and even before were constantly at war with communism, this was even seen in a Russian civil war over the matter after the revlutions of 1917 (__Ebscohost__). || 2. Lenin tried to transform the Russian economy toward a more socialist method. When this failed Lenin introduced a New Economic Policy, where a sliver of private enterprise was permitted. (__BBC Historic Figures)__ || of revolutionary leaders, but it has now become the must-have of the Mafia chieftains and wealthy new Russians. Vladimir Lenin was buried 75 years ago and still lies in a mausoleum in Moscow's Red Square. Interest has turned to the revolutionary scientific techniques used to embalm him, and how they are being used to preserve the remains of the people who now hold sway in post-Communist Russia. By embalming Lenin, they tapped into the Russian passion for holy relics and religious veneration that the revolution had denounced and swept away (Little, Alan) || 3.Many of the socialists in Russia at the time were not Bolshevik but Mensheviks. The Menshevik party was made up of moderate socialists who were not interested in a revolution and later went to war with the "reds" (www.russansabroad.com). || 3. Lenin often gathered adiquet financing for his activities through donations from Marxist sympathizers. Lenin was able to gather about 3,000 rubles for the initial start up of his newspaper, //Iskra,// and then another 4,000 rubles yearly through one sympathizer alone, Maxim Gorky. (__Lenin: The Compulsive Revolutionary)__ || Bolsheviks' power, and spreading Communism throughout Europe, primarily the ideas of Karl Marx, or Marxism. (vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com) || 4. Durining the times of the Petrograd Soviet there was also a second government that was co ruling Russia with them called the Provsional government that was established after the overthrow of the last tsar. (www.russiansabroad.com). || 4. A policy of "war communism" was enunciated. The state took control of the whole economy. Millions of peasants in the Don region starved to death as a result of this and the army confiscated grain for its own needs and the needs of urban dwellers. (__BBC NEWS)__ || Lenin died in 1924 due to his creation of the soviet Russia. However, it was renamed to St. Petersburg in 1991. (__vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com)__ || 5. Russia during its dictatorship under Lenin and his followers, and even after them under stalin, was a single party government that had room for only followers of the Bolshevik party. (Ebscohost) || 5. Lenin believed that the people should contribute to the public wealth according to their ability, but receive according to their needs. The means of production should be owned equally by the whole community not as in capitalism where individuals own the means of production and leave the rest of society to be poor and oppressed wage slaves. The economy should be planned - controlled by the government. (BBC HISTORY) || media type="custom" key="3217108"
 * ==SOCIAL== || ==POLITICAL== || ==ECONOMIC== ||
 * 1. Lenin was a committed revolutionary and pragmatic
 * 2. The Bolsheviks banned religion; created an eight-hour day for workers, as well as unemployment pay and pensions; abolished the teaching of history and Latin, while encouraging science; and allowed divorce. There was even a huge campaign to teach everyone to read. (__BBC HISTORY)__ || 2.Most western countries around
 * 3.Embalming in Russia used to be for the preservation
 * 4. Lenin spent his exile from 1907 to 1917, helping to add to the
 * 5. St. Petersburg was renamed Leningrad after

Lenin Quiz
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**Works Cited**
BBC Historical Figures. “Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924)” 16th Feb 2009 . http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/russia/lifeinleninsrussiarev1.shtml Ebscohost “Russian Revolution” 12/17/2007, 16th Feb 2009http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=5&sid=eb806d89-3394-493b-ad76-41d647771982%40SRCSM1&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=khh&AN=28096175 __"Life in Lenin's Russia."__ BBC HISTORY__. 18 Feb. 2009 .

Little, Alan. "World: Europe Embalming- the new Russian revolution."__ BBC NEWS__.__ __27 Jan. 1999. 18 Feb. 2009 .__

Possony, Stefan T. "The Armed Uprising ." Lenin the compulsive revolutionary. __Comp. and ed. Stefan T Possony. N.p.: Henry Regnery Company, 1964. 241-253.

Possony, Stefan T. "The Iskra." Lenin: The Compulsive Revolutionary__. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, 1964. Russians Abroad “Russia the Period of Dual Power” 16th Feb 2009 .

"Russian Revolution." __History Reference Center__. 17 Dec. 2007. 17 Feb. 2009 .

"Timeline: Soviet Union." __BBC NEWS__. 3 Mar. 2006. 18 Feb. 2009 .

__"Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924)."__ BBC Historic Figures__. 17 Feb. 2009 .

http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=5&hid=113&sid=1403afc8-cd15-4000-8a8d-10b14dcc6707%40sessionmgr102&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=khh&AN=28096175

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